Friday, April 17, 2020

Fwd: Mass Surveillance Is Spreading Like a Virus, Too...



---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: The Daily Cut <services@exct.legacyresearch.com>
Date: Fri, Apr 17, 2020 at 7:27 AM
Subject: Mass Surveillance Is Spreading Like a Virus, Too...
To: <stevescott@techacq.com>


Legacy Research Group

April 17, 2020

Chris Lowe
Chris Lowe

Chris' note: Our goal at Daily Cut AM… Market Mission Control is to help you and your family navigate the coronavirus pandemic.

This week, I've been raising the alarm about how governments and corporations are using the pandemic to ramp up mass surveillance. This includes tracking your location 24/7 using data from your smartphone.

Longtime readers know this isn't the first time we've warned about location tracking. In 2018, I showed you how it was "spreading, like a virus, to anyone who uses a smartphone."

I'm sharing that dispatch with you again today. It's critical you understand what's going on… and take steps now to protect yourself. (More on what those steps are at the end of today's dispatch.)


Mass Surveillance Is Spreading Like a Virus, Too...

By Chris Lowe

Yesterday, the House Judiciary Committee summoned Google boss Sundar Pichai to Capitol Hill to field questions about some of the tech giant's digital snooping [December 11, 2018].

Pichai admitted under oath that Google actively stores your name… your address… your age… your email correspondence… your phone's serial number… your wi-fi network information… your phone conversations… your voice… and your search history.

Given that he freely admitted to all this snooping… one of the exchanges that came midway through the hearing was telling.

Holding up his smartphone, Texas Republican Ted Poe asked Pichai to answer yes or no to whether Google could track his movements from one side of the room to the other.

The Google boss didn't give a straight answer. "I wouldn't be able to answer without knowing more details, Sir," was all he could muster.

It's no wonder he was so evasive. Pichai knows folks are starting to grasp just how invasive the collection of location data is.

It's all about the money…

Big Tech is infringing on our liberties to earn a buck.

Google – along with thousands of other app makers, including The Weather Channel and AccuWeather – harvests location data on smartphone users.

This data then ends up in the hands of "monetizers." They collect location data from different apps. Then they package it up and sell it to advertisers, who micro-target you with ads.

You probably know that already.

What you may not be aware of is how extensive this tracking is… and how fast it's spreading.

Location data snooping is the "Ebola of privacy invasions"…

That's the phrase reporters from The New York Times used after an investigation they published this week [December 2018].

That's because this kind of surveillance is spreading, like a virus, to anyone who uses a smartphone.

The Times got its hands on one database that had location data – accurate to within a few yards – of over 200 million Americans.

From your home… to your favorite coffee shop… to your office… to your favorite lunch spot… back to the office… back home… out to Little League… off on vacation… apps on your smartphone are tracking you all day, every day… and then broadcasting this data to various third parties and vendors.

In some cases, your location information is updated more than 14,000 times a day – or about once every six seconds.

Supposedly, your real identity is kept under wraps…

But reporters at the Times were able to identify one "anonymous" smartphone user – a 46-year-old math teacher – based only off the location data collected from her cell phone.

It wasn't hard.

This smartphone user left a home in upstate New York at 7 a.m. and traveled to a middle school 14 miles away. She then stayed until late afternoon each school day.

Since there's only one person who lives at the address AND spends a full day at that school every weekday, you don't have to be Sherlock Holmes to figure out who it is.

If you use a smartphone, you can be identified, too...

Remember, most of our location patterns are unique to us…

That makes us easy to find… and identify.

The same reporters were also able to track the path of another smartphone user from their home in Newark, New Jersey to a nearby Planned Parenthood clinic.

They were also able to pinpoint a smartphone user who travels with the mayor of New York City during the day – including trips to his favorite gym – and then goes back to a home on Long Island. They were even able to get this person's home address.

Can you imagine what a criminal – or a terrorist – could do with that kind of detailed information?

Think about what your location data reveals about you…

Do you see a shrink you haven't told anyone about? Do you attend regular AA meetings? Are you going fishing when you're supposed to be at work?

If the answer is yes… and you have your smartphone with you… chances are an app company has digitally recorded, stored, and packaged your precise movements… and sold that information to the highest bidder.

And if you think the eavesdropping arm of the Deep State doesn't also have access to this data… we have a bridge to sell you.

As Legacy Research cofounder Doug Casey likes to remind readers… large corporations such as Google are totally amoral. You can count on them to be direct conduits to the government spooks.

This is just the tip of the iceberg…

The level of digital surveillance today is nothing compared to what's coming down the pike.

Here's more from Doug, who's been keeping a close eye on the growing Surveillance Society we've been telling you about…

The world has become totally digitized over the last couple of decades. Thanks to the Internet of Things [IoT], there are sensors everywhere. They're not just on every street and in every store. They're in your television, your car, your refrigerator, and God knows where else.

If you buy a new appliance today, it's extremely hard not to end up with something that will monitor you. Of course, the argument is made: "Well, if you don't do anything wrong, you have nothing to worry about." I suppose that's true. Here's a tip: You definitely shouldn't commit a murder within purview of one of these devices.

It's a radical step. But Doug reckons you should also get rid of your smartphone and any other Big Tech devices in your home…

I now have a cell phone. But I only use it when I'm traveling; pay phones have ceased to exist. Cell phones are the most dangerous monitoring device because they're ubiquitous. You may think you're safe when your cell phone is turned off. But the things can be hacked.

In Sweden, people are getting chips implanted in their hands to save themselves the inconvenience of having to swipe their cell phone to pay for things, use a card to gain admission to buildings, or whatnot. I'm not a Bible person, but this is really the modern incarnation of the Mark of the Beast.

We've said this before… But we're going to keep saying it as long as this kind of stuff is going on. If you want to shore up your privacy online, consider "going dark."

Follow these four simple steps Dan Denning over at The Bonner-Denning Letter has laid out to shield your privacy.

  1. Delete your Facebook account – We think we have to be connected all the time. But by staying on the platform, you're sharing massive amounts of personal data about yourself with the world. You can't be a private citizen and be on Facebook. Find out how to permanently pull the plug here.

  2. De-Google your life – The way to stop Google – and the NSA – tracking every web search you type and every webpage you visit is to ditch Google search and the Google Chrome web browser. DuckDuckGo won't track you like Google does. And it offers a decent search service. 

    There's also the Epic Privacy Browser. It works just like Chrome, except it doesn't store data on you. You can also try StartPage for a search engine that doesn't track and store your search queries. Firefox  is the least intrusive of your browser options (Safari, Chrome, Internet Explorer).

  1. Buy a "dumb" phone – This is the only way to stop broadcasting your exact location 24 hours a day. An unlocked phone with 16 megabytes of memory and a 2 megapixel camera will set you back about $25. You won't be able to play Candy Crush while you're standing in line waiting for your caramel latte at Starbucks. But a dumb phone will relieve you of the urge to constantly fiddle with your "smartphone." Result: more free time and a less cluttered brain. 

  2. Download an encrypted messenger app – Conversations on WhatsApp (owned by Facebook) are encrypted for the moment. But the feds recently requested that Facebook allow them to spy on peer-to-peer conversations on its messaging app. 

    WhatsApp has over 2 billion users (mostly foreign), making it a prime target for wiretapping by U.S. security services. Skype (owned by Microsoft) isn't much better. WickrTelegram, and Signal are much more secure alternatives.

Chris here – As part of these coronavirus-focused morning editions of The Daily Cut, we're putting together a "community center" for you and your fellow readers.

This is where you can share your updates and personal stories about how you're getting through this crisis. It's also where you can put your most pressing questions to our analysts.

I'll get to as many of your emails as I can.

Then I'll publish answers from the Legacy Research team, including Jeff Brown, Bill Bonner, Doug Casey, Teeka Tiwari, Jason Bodner, Dan Denning, Nick Giambruno, Tom Dyson, E.B. Tucker, and Dave Forest, in these pages.

We're also interested in updates on quarantines in your area… stories from frontline medical staff… and your views on the response by the authorities to the crisis.

So send your questions and stories my way. You can reach me and the rest of the Daily Cut team at feedback@legacyresearch.com.

On Wednesday, our tech expert, Jeff Brown, revealed how all new smartphones will have "contact tracing" software built in.

This means your phone will track not only where you are… but also, who you come into contact with. The system uses the same Bluetooth connection you typically use to connect your smartphone to a remote device such as a speaker.

Jeff's update set alarm bells ringing…

Hell no, it's not OK for the government to be tracking us under the guise of coronavirus tracing! Next thing we know, if we happen to be in contact with someone the government "deems" a terrorist or a criminal, we could be prosecuted by association.

I will never download that app. Slippery slope? We're already halfway down the slide!

– Judyth H.

It's way too dear a price to pay. I hope that the "sheeple" will shed their blinders and rise up against an increasingly oppressive government.

– Carolyn E.

We have already given up our right to privacy. And I don't believe we have a chance to ever get it back as long as we participate in our society. The governments are in complete control of society worldwide. Some see it as progress, and it has benefits, depending on who has the power.

If the history of past human behavior is a source of future projections, we cannot ignore the fact that a despot somewhere in our world will gain forces and try to control our world, which will be in a lockdown state with very rare avenues of escape. Freedom and privacy will not even be a memory to the coming generations.

– Michael S.

I do not want the government spying on me. They are corrupt enough already. I prefer to deal with a greater level of "risk" in my life than deal with the government's "security and safety." They are not even capable of offering security and safety.

Think of all the locked-up prisoners, who are raped, beaten, abused, and stabbed on a daily basis in our nation's jails and prisons. How is the government's guarantee of safety working out for them?

We all need to look out for ourselves, our families, our parishes, and our chosen team mates. The government ain't here to help. Gold, guns, and gardens are the answer as far as I am concerned, not government. Live Free or Die!

– Devin S.

Some of you feel like the only option left is to go back to using 20th-century technology…

Re: the new cellphone-tracking tech being fielded by Apple and Google. I wonder how this affects the Luddites who do not have a cell phone, only a landline. Will we soon be required to own and keep a cell phone in our possession at all times? What if we keep it in a Faraday cage [which blocks electromagnetic fields]?

– Raymond S.

You can do as I did. Toss that "smart" phone and get a nice little clamshell phone that lets you make and receive calls but doesn't do anything else, like track you.

After all, isn't that really what you have a phone for? You can use that nice computer on your desk for the fancy stuff. Glad to report that here in rural Texas, the cows are doing fine and so are the people.

– Amy D.

All cell phone tracking is easily stopped. Just go back to the time when the only phone you had was the house phone. In other words, leave your cell phone at home. Cell phones are a convenience, not a necessity. The world got along fine without them for centuries.

– Kirk A.

But some of your fellow readers say it's possible to have smartphone contact tracing without having to give up your freedom…

Contact tracing is necessary and important to combat this crisis. That said, the software can be designed for Big Brother or for the collective. Here are the requirements in the collective's interest:

1) The software must be open source so that the source code is freely available and examinable by anyone. This avoids ulterior motives.

2) The software must be voluntary. We must be able to turn it on or off; we must voluntarily report our condition and voluntarily seek status. This keeps us in control.

3) The software must be encrypted and anonymous; only the keyholder can know the contents of the information and only the keyholder can reveal their identity. This keeps us hidden.

4) The software must be decentralized and peer-to-peer. That is, only people immediately local to you need to know your anonymous status. This limits data propagation.

5) The software must be simple and well documented so that it may be easily investigated by non-programmers.

Of course, this is not what "they" intend. But perhaps with your connections, you can make this known and someone may listen.

– Michael S.

Maybe you distrust Apple and/or Google. Maybe you have reason to. But if their tracing app works as it is described, it will preserve privacy.

It is stated that if two phones are close to each other (within Bluetooth range of 300 feet) for a period of time, the phones will exchange anonymous IDs. Your phone will get the other phone's ID and vice versa. No database will get either.

So your phone will store, for instance, that your phone was near phone 176087. You won't know where or when or who was involved. Now suppose the owner of phone 176087 is diagnosed with COVID-19. That person will, presumably after safeguards against falsely and intentionally spreading panic, enter that fact.

The ID will be broadcast, your phone will receive the broadcast, check its internal IDs, and alert you that you were close to someone who now has COVID-19. You can see a doctor or take any other action you find appropriate. No authority will be able to send a police cruiser for you since no authority will know you were near a COVID-19 carrier.

It's possible the app could upload the time and place of every encounter to a server or send an alert when a phone finds a match. If that were the intention, why not just secretly do it without saying anything about an app?

– Bob B.

Will you be downloading the new "contact tracing" app? Do you agree with Michael and Bob that it's possible to pull off without infringing on your privacy?

Write us with your thoughts at feedback@legacyresearch.com.

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Chris Lowe
April 17, 2020
Dublin, Ireland


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Tuesday, April 14, 2020

John Carlton 2020.04.14.

I've been struggling to imagine what things will be like when this Plague dies down (assuming it ever does).

Here are my thoughts:

1. The US hasn't been asked to sacrifice for several generations. We've had many, many wars and global misadventures... but none have required a national mobilization.

GWB told everyone to go shopping after 9/11.

Today, we're being tested for realz, and this time the national soul is at stake.

2. The Great Depression ended with a bang when we entered WWII... and when the GIs came home, we enjoyed the largest peacetime expansion of an economy in the history of the world.

We went to the fucking moon, in fact.

3. But the last shots fired in that war seemed like we'd done something noble, and we were high on being a compassionate superpower.

It was bullshit, of course. Once it was safe, the sociopaths came out of hiding and grabbed power again. Same as it ever was.

But there IS something about the fundamental freedoms we enjoy that piss off dictators in the right way, and we remain a top destination for folks looking for a better life.

So far, so good.

4. This Plague is doing a number on our collective unconscious, however. It's the invisible boogeyman we can't shoot, bomb or bully.

Our stumbling response so far is damaging our pride, our attitude of "get 'er done", our sense of who we are in this wobbly universe.

The whole nation is like a newly divorced drunk at the end of the bar, avoiding going home at all costs.

5. If any of the Big Answers to solving this Plague come from foreign soil, it will damage us further.

We will no longer be the "get 'er done" nation.

We'll be in debt to others. Standing in line with our hands out and our self-respect trailing like rags in the dust behind us.

6. However...

... if the Big Answers come from the US (whether through Big Pharma, entrepreneurs, academia, non-profits or a lucky guess, doesn't matter)...

... we'll be strutting again.

Getting cold-cocked by this Plague has hurt our pride, deeply.

If we John Wayne our way through these fucking microbes, and save the world, we'll get our mojo back in a big way.

And the expansion afterward will be robust, real and kick-out-the-jams. (And maybe we'll stop outsourcing our supply chains to a global opponent, for a change.) (Remember, Jobs built the first iPhones in Fremont, California, using processors manufactured in Silicon Valley. Even the unbreakable gorilla glass was an American invention.)

7. It won't save us from destroying ourselves with petty political squabbles and the cultural civil war we've been obsessing on for 60 years. (I mean, Jeebus -- let the nuts have their own states already, and stop trying to make everyone share the same values. We're a big damn joint, and we don't even agree on what to eat for breakfast.)

But things will change.

We got no time for your petty bullshit anymore, Mr Political Crackpot.

We got a world to rebuild, and you know what?

Once we get a taste, again, of how good it feels to take care of each other... then raw, capricious capitalism is going to get a forced makeover. No matter how much it squirms and yells.

I have no idea what it will look like. Won't be straight socialism. Won't be Wall Street Uber Alles. Won't be "let them eat cake" inequality. (I remind the clueless wealthy elite, again, of the French Revolution, which followed a Black Plague outbreak.)

But I have a sneaking suspicion that the entrepreneur is going to come out on top here. The rebels. The weirdos who can't hold down a regular job. (High five, y'all.) The Big Dreamers and the disruptors and the dudes and dudettes with something to prove and the appetite for risk and adventure that makes life vivid.

Top down conformity has always been an impediment to a certain element of the American "type".

So my big bet is on a Western solution here. Especially one coming from the US, as dysfunctional as we are right now.

No idea if this will come to pass.

Personally, I'm rooting for it. It would be the rallying renaissance we desperately need to get back in our democratic groove.

This realization has given me a reason to pay close attention again.

We cannot assume anything.

But we can root...

Stay safe, you glorious fuckers. I love you all. Let's grab that mojo back...

Sent from BlueMail

Fwd: You Only Need Six Slides to Pitch and Close a Deal - here they are



Sent from BlueMail
On Apr 14, 2020, at 9:19 AM, Oren Klaff <oren@pitchanything.com> wrote:
You cannot present 52 slides, not even 16 ... and only SIX matter.
Oren Klaff Logo

Insights from the author of Pitch Anything and Flip the Script

Are you freaking out or what??

Think about this for a moment:

USA AMERICA is going to run out of bacon soon.

That's what happens when you KILL SWITCH THE ENTIRE ECONOMY.

No more bacon.

But who cares about bacon, we have some other questions to deal with -

For example, has anyone taken the time to ask ...

So ... what about your super rich friends ... how are they doing?

image

"Oh god, when is that Covid-thing going to be done with, it's just killing the market...

"... and for lunch ... want Sushi from Matsuhisa's again?"

Do you have one of these guys in your social circle?

RIGHT NOW he's buying a big house in Aspen because "it's a good time to be picking up real estate"

You know this guy, right?

Well ... mind kicking him in the B$##s% for me?

Because I know a HUNDRED of these guys and gals.

I'm TXT'ing with them all day long.

image

Here's a few more TXT's that I got today

... "what are you buying, i made $2 mil on a Boeing flip :-)"

...... "just got a Gulfstream IV stole it can u believe prices"

........ "we closed a $30 million round of financing."

So on my end, I have a Very Good window into this, and how the top-end of society are "dealing with this Covid-thing." They are:

Bunkered up.

Buying assets cheap.

Eating fresh sushi.

And maybe that's what you're doing ... buying homes and raising lots of capital.

But I have 3,300 other clients who are doing something very DIFFERENT.

First, they are going to work (not shopping)

Second, they are focusing on revenue.

Third ...

well, there is no third.

That's it. FOCUS ON REVENUE.

Actually, it's "... Revenue Without Discounting"

I know what you're thinking ... Hey Oren ... how are they doing it? What are they doing that's WORKING right now?

Here's exactly what is working at the best companies:

1. They got much better at locking down calls and meetings.

No meeting ... No pitch ... no revenue. Today, your prospects are ducking calls and avoiding meetings. This means it is taking way too much executive time and energy to get meetings set up. So we are using technology to set meetings and giving much better training to our SDR's.

2. Pitch Once, Pitch Correctly.

Whether you are an entrepreneur eager for funding, a sales manager that needs to hit a quarterly target, or an an executive in b2b sales ... you need that focused and hard hitting-pitch. But delivering a Covid-era Pitch is not easy. I see professionals struggle every day.

A good pitch focuses only on what your audience needs. Nothing more. On that point, here are the six subjects that really matter:

image

Again, these are the big subjects that really MATTER.

And notice what's NOT HERE:

X Why we're better
X Our fancy awards
X How great our customer service is
X 10 other things we can do pretty well.
X Discounts and Special offers

Those things don't make a difference in conversion and closing.

Today, you have to use what I call THE COVID RULES:

1. FOCUS ON WHAT MATTERS

2. PITCH ONCE

3. PITCH WELL

4. CLOSE FAST

IF you get a single element of the pitch out of order, or tell that part of the story in the wrong way ... you're in trouble.

Oh sure, you might still "close" but it will take longer, be harder and you'll lose margin.

And look, I understand, you can't just pop up a slide that says "Why Now" or "Prove it" or "ECONOMIC VALUE" ...

It has has to fit together into a hard-hitting story of "why buy from me now."

I'd like to show you what to include in each one of THE SIX SLIDES THAT MATTER ... and how to use the slides to tell a whole story that is compelling to listen to.

This happens on FRIDAY.

On Friday (April 17th) I'm doing a webinar on this. You'll see how to stack these six subjects together into one pitch ... and one solid story:

WHY NOW
PROBLEMS WE SOLVE
WHAT WE DO
HOW
PROOF
ECONOMIC VALUE

It may help you to see me creating a pitch with these 6 Must-Have topics. I have done this thousands of times and find it quite easy - but I've been doing this for 20 years.

I'll coach you through it.

You can join me on FRIDAY on an hour-long training on HOW TO USE THE SIX TOPICS THAT MATTER.

YOU should take this session.

These 6-topics work to crush "Covid" objections and close deals.

We're all using them. Today. Right now.

To get into this class, you have to join Pitch Mastery here.

You get access to the SIX SUBJECTS THAT MATTER inside of Pitch Mastery.

Are you coming Friday?

JOIN Pitch Mastery and you'll get access to this training.

- Oren



NOTE: Health professionals -- doctors, nurses and everyone down the line -- are the rightful and obvious heroes of the pandemic, and these are the people really showing up and working hard. And while it's easy to joke about bacon, buying jets and closing deals ... of course we need to recognize how society rests on the backs of a lot of people who cannot simply stay home and chill while the coronavirus blows through.


Subscription Options

PITCHANYTHING  5825 Avenida Encinas #111 Carlsbad, California 92008 United States

Friday, April 10, 2020

Fwd: Questions And Actions - Everything is easier when using manual



---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: Jared Lloyd <jared@jaredlloydphoto.com>
Date: Fri, Apr 10, 2020 at 4:01 PM
Subject: Questions And Actions - Everything is easier when using manual
To: Steve <stevescott@techacq.com>


Everything is easier when using manual
 ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌ ‌
Using manual exposure allows you to concentrate on what actually matters in your photography: creating art. If you are worrying about the so called "exposure triangle" then you are not concentrating on creating compelling photographs. Sound antithetical to everything you know about wildlife photography? Keep reading. Photo was created with Nikon Z6 | f/8 | 1/1000th | 600mm

QUESTIONS & ACTIONS

This week I received a question from someone asking about manual exposure.

Now, before I reveal the question to you I must first disclaim that the train of thought is a bit tough to follow at first, but this is exactly why I chose the question for this week's Questions and Actions.

I don't know the lady who sent me this question. I have not worked with her on a workshop before, and I do not know her background in photography.

Nor did I follow up with her on this particular question to have her explain further.

I did this for a reason: I hear questions very similar (if not exactly) like this all the time.

If you are an intermediate to advanced photographer, this question might not make sense. That's because the question is predicated upon two things that are not necessarily associated with each other. On workshops, I see this all the time. So, bear with me and we will work through this. Once I begin to unravel it, the whole thing may seem very elementary.

However, you will find the substance of my answer will be something that everyone, from beginner to advanced, will want to consider.

When shooting in manual mode, how do I keep moving animals in focus while maintaining the desired depth of field and exposure?

From the question above you may be able to see the reason for the disclaimer... It appears to be disconnected – assuming that focus and exposure are in any way related to each other. 

These are, of course, two different systems at work in our camera.

But given the amount of time that I spend with wildlife photographers in the capacity of leading workshops, I know exactly what this person is actually asking me.

What this all boils down to is the last word in the question: exposure.

The question is predicated upon a general understanding of exposure and what some like to call the "exposure triangle." Focus has nothing to do with this.

Focus is a different system in the camera altogether. But often people misunderstand this and associate focus with exposure, when what they really mean is something more akin to motion blur.

Let's stop here though.

Instead of nit-picking our way through this stuff, it would be best, to begin with, an understanding of why manual exposure is actually EASIER than using aperture priority for wildlife.

This will ultimately answer the question.

Aperture priority is an automatic mode that allows you to set your aperture while the computer of your camera sets the shutter speed.

The camera doesn't know what the subject is. It doesn't know what your artistic vision is.

All it knows is that the TTL light meter in the camera is registering a specific amount of light.

The computer then sets a shutter speed to get that primary tone of light that is being read to roughly 18% grey. It doesn't matter if you are photographing a fire engine or bluebonnets – it's still looking for that 18% tonality. The perfect midtone.

So, if we are photographing a black bear, our camera's computer is going to adjust to try and make it an 18% grey bear. If we are photographing a polar bear, the computer is going to try and adjust to make it an 18% grey bear.

Obviously, this is not what we want.

Obviously, a black bear is supposed to be black and a polar bear is supposed to be white.

And to achieve this, we have exposure compensation that allows us to add or subtract light from the exposure.

The problem with this is that things are constantly changing – even if the light is not.

There are two types of light in photography: incidence and reflective.

Incidence light is what is falling on a subject.

This is the ambient light.

On an overcast day, a subject can run circles around you and incident light is not changing. It can go in front of a dark forest, but the incident light stays the same. It can then go stand in an open field of snow and the incident light remains the same.

Reflective light is different. Reflective light is the light that is bouncing off your subject.

A black bear bounces a different amount of light off its fur than a bobcat.

And this is what aperture priority is trying to adjust for.

Let me give you an example of what I mean in real photography terms. . . Let's take a bison because it's dark in color and let's put him in the snow because, well, bison look awesome in the snow. Now, assume you are shooting aperture priority and are most likely using matrix metering or evaluative metering on your camera as well – because that's what 99% of people using aperture priority are shooting in.

Let's picture the bison standing out in a field of snow and only taking up about 10% of our composition.

From the perspective of our camera, the bison is a minor part of the lighting equation.

The dominant tone is the snow. So, the camera exposes for 18% grey snow. Yuck. Ugly. Not acceptable.

Thus, we dial in a +2 on the exposure compensation to bring our snow back up to white.

But what happens when the bison comes barreling through the snow toward you?

What happens when suddenly the bison takes up 60% of the composition?

80% of the composition?

Now, the reflective light on the snow is no longer the dominant tone of light.

Now, the dark color of the bison dominates, and your camera adjusts accordingly.

Actually, in aperture priority, it was adjusting constantly as that bison got closer and closer to you.

Because you are in aperture priority and allowing the camera to make decisions for you, it now reads the dark tones of the bison and increases the base exposure to bring the dark up to 18% grey tonality.

But you have a +2 dialed into your exposure compensation. +2 was fine originally because the computer was trying to reduce light to expose the snow as 18% grey.

But now that it is increasing light to expose the dark fur of the bison, everything is going to be blown out around your bison.

The photograph will most likely be disastrously overexposed at this point.

That is unless you adjust your exposure compensation.

But, as the bison was running toward you, you may have needed to adjust it two or three times in the process.

Did you remember to do this?

Did you take a test shot and check your histogram in the process to make sure you got it right?

Did all of this take place in the excitement of photographing a bison running in your direction through deep snow with freshly fallen powder billowing out all around him?

I sure hope so.

Or there is a good chance at some point your exposure all went to shit and you will likely be throwing away most of those photographs. That's photography from the perspective of aperture priority and dependence on reflective lighting. Sound complicated?

It is! Sure, aperture seems easy because you simply set your aperture and don't have to worry about the rest.

But, then again, now you're worrying about a lot.

Is the computer giving me a fast enough shutter speed?

Do I need to adjust my ISO so the computer will bring up my shutter speed?

Now that the darker tones of the bison dominate the frame, has my shutter slowed down too much?

Am I now blowing out the snow?

Do I need to adjust my exposure compensation or my ISO? I need a drink just from thinking about it all.

Manual is different.

Though your light meter is still reading everything for reflective light, once you have set your exposure, nothing changes.

The bison is 10% of the frame, and then runs towards you and is now 60% of the frame.

Throughout the entire experience, your exposure never changed in the camera. Your shutter speed stayed where it was. Your aperture stayed where it was. Your ISO stayed where it was. And you know what happened?

You have a perfect exposure throughout the entire sequence.

Why?

Because though the scene changed, the incident light- the ambient light- never changed.

If that isn't reason enough to give up aperture priority and go to manual, then I don't know what is. Still, confused?

Don't worry, you will be seeing a whole lot more about the topic of manual exposure vs aperture priority this Spring in the Journal of Wildlife Photography.

Photographing birds in flight and having a hard time with the exposure because they go from blue sky to a beautiful background with trees?

Maybe you get it right in the sky, but then everything is blown out when they drop in front of the trees?

Shoot in manual! If the whole thing is front-lit, to begin with, then the ambient light between the sky and the trees hasn't changed.

So why let the computer change everything simply because there is a different color in the background?

This is why manual exposure simplifies everything. It takes the guesswork out.

It removes the variables that cause our cameras to make constant adjustments.

But when I suggest people switch to manual exposure in the field, I swear I can almost hear the heart palpitations that occur at the mere thought.

And yet, it's the simplest of things.

Here is how I look at setting my exposure, and this is getting directly to the point of the original question. . . I see my subject and I make a judgment call as to what f/stop I want to use.

I can make an assumption about how fast things will be unfolding and thus how fast I need to set my shutter speed.

Here is my rule of thumb that at least gets me in the ballpark: If the subject is ¼ of the composition or less, I can shoot the situation wide open – which is f/4 for me.

If the subject is larger than ¼ of the frame, I increase my aperture to f/8 for greater depth of field in the portrait.

There are lots of reasons that you would set your f/stop differently than this.

But, it's a general rule of thumb and will at least give you a starting point.

And when action is happening fast, easy rules of thumb are lifesavers.

If it's a large animal, I want 1/1000th of a second just in case. 1/500th is probably fine and if the light is lower and I could benefit from this extra stop of light, then I will adjust accordingly.

If on the other hand, I am photographing something smaller like a weasel or a bird, then I automatically dial in 1/2000th of a second for my shutter speed.

Again, many reasons exist that would make you want to change this or deviate.

But, it's a rule of thumb that will give you a place to start with.

So…. If I know what depth of field I want, and I know how fast I want my shutter speed (set to "just in case" speeds), what else is there?

ISO.

When I approach any given situation, the first question I ask is what depth of field I want. The second question I ask myself is what shutter speed will I need.

For the most part, this has nothing to do with the light for me. It's about stopping or exaggerating the movement of the scene, and it's about depth of field. These are artistic decisions, plain and simple. All that I am left with then is ISO.

And it's ISO that I use to adjust my exposure. If the light isn't changing, then like my bison example above, I can set it and forget it. If the light changes, all I have to do is adjust my ISO.

I don't want to be worrying about what my camera is doing. I don't want to worry about technical settings. I want the simplest means of achieving an exposure because although getting a proper exposure is necessary, it's THE LEAST IMPORTANT part of all that is necessary for me. I can play Sudoku if I want a puzzle to work out, or go birding if I want an exercise in mental agility.

ACTIONS

When shooting wildlife in manual set the f/stop for the desired depth of field. Set your shutter speed for what you think you will need to stop the action. Then, adjust the ISO as necessary for the light. This simplifies the whole process. It gives you only one thing to worry about in terms of your exposure. It removes the variables. And it allows you to concentrate on what's most important – creating a compelling photograph that has impact!

Did you know we are giving away a 500mm f/4 lens? 

Yes, you read that correctly. Yes, the big one. The $10k one. Just like the camera giveaway we held at the beginning of January, whoever's name we draw will have the choice between a Nikon, Canon, or Sony 500mm lens! 

10% of the profits generated from your subscription will be donated to the Center for Disaster Philanthropy (CDP) COVID-19 Response Fund.

This July, our membership site will randomly select the name of one very lucky subscriber to the Journal of Wildlife Photography who will become the proud new owner of a 500mm lens. 

For you Sony shooters out there, the Sony only makes a 500mm f4 in the a mount. If you need an e mount instead, you can swap this for a 600mm f4 e mount.

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Jared Lloyd Photography 1627 W. Main St #407 Bozeman, MT 59715